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30 Foods Under 40 Calories, with Recipes. Negative calorie foods, which burn more fat and calories than they contribute, are a myth. Effect of level of cane molasses in fattening diets on performance of beef steers and heifers. S Sibanda, C Chakanyuka and N Mlilo. Grasslands Research Station, Private Bag 3. Marondera, Zimbabwe. Abstract. Introduction. Materials and methods. You Might Also Like. Some foods are more fattening than others. Here is a list of 10 foods that can easily make you fat if you eat them often. Meg Meranus. Voice of Diets Are Fattening. I built this community for you, the disillusioned dieter. Change your perspective on food and your healthy "thin mentality. Results. Discussion. Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. The performance in feedlot of 1. Sussex x Africaner and the other half Hereford x Mashona x Sussex breeds, was determined in a 2 x 5 factorial trial. Summertime living may be easy, but if you're not careful, summer's fattening foods - including fried chicken, ribs, potato salad, ice cream, hot dogs, and beer - can. Effect of level of cane molasses in fattening diets on performance of beef steers and heifers. S Sibanda, C Chakanyuka and N Mlilo Grasslands Research Station. DietsAreFattening uploaded a video 1 week ago 6:35. Play next; Play now; A New. Diets are fattening!!!! How to handle food and hunger - Duration: 87 seconds. Five groups of 1. The animals were fed ad libitum for 9. The results show that molasses can be included in fattening diets up to a maximum level of 3. There was little difference in feedlot performance between steers and heifers. The practice of fattening cattle on maize- based high energy diets has become uneconomical due mainly to the high cost of maize grain relative to beef producer prices in Zimbabwe. In an earlier trial a less expensive diet than the conventional maize- based fattening diet was achieved by using cane molasses, a by- product of the sugar industry (Chakanyuka, Sibanda, Grant and Mlilo, 1. Molasses was incorporated into this diet at the rate of about 2. However, since it is cheaper than maize grain, as much of it as possible should be included in fattening diets. It was therefore necessary to determine the maximum level of molasses which could be used in cattle fattening diets without adversely affecting performance. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the level of molasses in the diet and the performance in feedlot of both steers and heifers over a 9. A total of 1. 00 eighteen month old steers and heifers, 5. Sussex x Africaner and the other 5. Hereford x Mashona x Sussex crossbreds, with an average starved body weight of about 2. Animals of each sex were divided into 5 equal groups of 1. A 6th group of 1. Table 1. Formulation and chemical composition (% air fresh) of cattle fattening diets. The 6 animals in each sub- group were housed in one pen and group- fed ad libitum for a period of 9. The animals were weighed fortnightly and food intake was calculated weekly. At the end of the feeding period the animals were slaughtered and carcass measurements taken. There was no significant difference between the steers and heifers, although the heifers had marginally smaller body weight changes than the steers. There was a significant (P< 0. Body weight changes for the animals on 1. P< 0. 0. 5) than the zero and 4. The 4. 0 per cent molasses diet gave the lowest body weight change but this was not significantly lower than that of the conventional zero molasses diet. Initial body weight as a covariate of body weight change and the interaction between sex and diet were not important. Regression equations (1) and (2) were used for steers and heifers, respectively. CW = 1. 33. 2 ln BW - 6. The carcass weight changes of heifers and steers were similar (Table 3). There was a significant (P< 0. The mean carcass weight change of the conventional zero molasses animals was lower (P< 0. The diets containing 1. P< 0. 0. 5) than those of the zero and 4. The highest mean carcass weight changes were achieved by the animals on the 2. As with body weight gains, initial body weight as a covariate of carcass weight change and interaction between sex and level of molasses was not important. The efficiency of food conversion for body and carcass weight gain was the same for steers and heifers (Table 4). The efficiency of conversion for body weight gain exhibited a linear relationship with the level of molasses in the diet as the rate of decrease continued to increase with higher levels of molasses, but the decline became very marked (P< 0. The rate of decrease in efficiency of food- conversion decreased as the level of molasses increased. However, there was no significant difference between the efficiency of food- conversion for carcass weight gains of the zero, 1. The 4. 0 per cent molasses diet produced a significantly (P< 0. There was no interaction between sex and diets and similarly initial body weight as a covariate of efficiency of food- conversion for carcass and body weight gain was not important. Body weight changes (kg) of cattle fattened on diets with different levels of molasses. Carcass weight changes (kg) of cattle fattened on diets with different levels of molasses. Total food intake (kg/head, air- fresh) and efficiency of food- conversion for body weight gain (kg food/kg body weight gain) and carcass weight gain (kg of food/kg carcass weight gain) of cattle fattened on diets with different levels of molasses. The fleshing index is based on the ratio of carcass weight to length. Classes 1 and 2 depict animals with adequate fat cover, class 3 would be underfat and class 9 overfat. The last two classes carry some form of penalty. Overall the highest fleshing grades were obtained with the 2. The fleshing grades for heifers fell more markedly than those for steers at molasses levels higher than 2. There was little difference between the treatments in fat grades, although heifers tended to be fatter than steers. The results of this study agree with earlier trials carried out in this laboratory (Chakanyuka et al. Lishman 1. 96. 7; Elliot and O'Donovan 1. Van Niekerk 1. 98. They indicated that molasses can make up to 3. This confirms the results of the earlier work in which a diet containing 2. Chakanyuka et al. This would mean that animals on molasses diets would have fewer digestive problems and would take a shorter time to adapt to the diets. In the present trial in took up to three weeks before the animals on the conventional zero molasses diet stopped scouring, while those on the molasses diets did not scour at all. On as fed basis all molasses diets produced lower efficiency of food- conversion, a finding which confirms earlier studies in this country (Elliot and O'Donovan 1. Chakanyuka et al. Van Niekerk and Voges 1. Van Niekerk 1. 98. Carcass grades (%) of cattle fattened on diets with different levels of molasses. Therefore the ME in the diets containing 1. These results are in agreement with the last trials when the ME in the diet containing 2. Chakanyuka et al. While the conventional diet may exhibit a higher efficiency of food- conversion the returns from it are likely to be lower due to the resultant smaller carcass and lower grades. The results of the present trial show that there was no difference between steers and heifers in efficiency of food- conversion for carcass weight gain. However, the fat grades indicate that heifers may tend to get fatter. It may be advisable to slaughter heifers earlier than steers of similar size. Molasses can be included in fattening diets by up to 3. This would result in relatively cheaper diets, provided the molasses was available and continued to be cheaper than maize grain. These results apply to both steers and heifers, although heifers may need to be slaughtered earlier to prevent them from getting overly fat. We are grateful to Agrifoods Division, Farmers' Co- op Ltd., for mixing and supplying the diets. We would also like to thank Mr. Svisvah for taking care of the animals. Chakanyuka C., Sibanda S., Grant J. L. Effects of salinomycin, potassium chloride, synovex and the re placement of maize with molasses on feedlot performance of cattle. Comparative feeding trial T3. Annual Report 1. 97. Henderson Research Station, Department of Research and Specialist Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Rhodesia. Effect of different levels of cane molasses on nitrogen and energy utilisation in urea rations for steers. Journal of Animal Science. Cane molasses as a substitute for maize in beef finishing rations. 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Information, guidance and support for readers interested in applying the principles of The Blood Type Diet as outlined by The New York Times best-selling author Dr. What's My Blood Type . O positive is the most common type, with AB negative. The letter designation of the. The. antigen determines which blood types will join if donated. Types A, B, and AB have their titular antigens, and type O. Thus, type O can be joined with any blood type, and is. Blood. type also indicates which antibodies are present in the blood cell. The. antibodies determine which blood cells the body being will. Type A rejects type B; type B rejects type A; and. O rejects both types A and B. Type AB contains no. A blood type B diet can be a life-changing alteration for people who have this type of blood. The foods you eat for your blood type will obviously depend on which. People who are B blood type have a different set of characteristics than people who are types A, AB or O - they are susceptible to different diseases, they should eat. The. positive and negative classifications indicate the presence or absence of Rhesus antigens. Blood cells that contain Rhesus antigens. Rh positive) are designated with a . These complications, known as transfusion reactions, may include. While transfusion reactions are alarming, they are rarely fatal. Every 3 seconds. someone in the United States needs blood. Donating just one pint. Please. consider donating blood today. Receives from.. A- 6%A- /+, AB- /+A- , O- A+3. A+, AB+ A- /+, O- /+ B- 2%B- /+, AB- /+B- , O- B+9%B+, AB+ B- /+, O- /+ AB- 1%AB- /+A- , B- , AB- , O- AB+3%AB+A- /+, B- /+, AB- /+, O- /+ O- 7%A- /+, B- /+, AB- /+ O- O+3. A+, B+, AB+ O- /+Whole blood: blood in the same form as it exists within the body, with red cells, platelets, and plasma. It's used almost exclusively in instances of severe. Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin is less than normal. For men, anemia is typically defined as hemoglobin level of less. Pancreatitis simply means inflammation of the pancreas. There are two types of pancreatitis, acute and chronic. Causes of acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Red cells: these are used in the treatment of uncorrectable anemia, such as when rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, sickle cell. They're also essential after physically devastating things like surgery, childbirth, and severe burns. Platelets: used to treat bone marrow failure, post- transplant and chemotherapy treatments. Plasma: used after obstetric loss of blood (such as childbirth), during cardiac surgery, and to reverse anti- coagulant treatment. It's also used to replace clotting factors. ABO blood group system - Wikipedia. For use in inflammation, see histamine. For hydrogen atom, see hydrogen. The ABO blood group system is the most important blood type system (or blood group system) in human blood transfusion. Found on platelets, epithelium, and cells other than erythrocytes, AB antigens (as with other serotypes) can also cause an adverse immune response to organ transplantation. ABO blood types are also present in some other animals, for example rodents and apes, such as chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1. However, in 1. 92. American medical commission acknowledged Jansk. In Russia and states of the former USSR blood types O, A, B, and AB are respectively designated I, II, III, and IV. Moss published his own (very similar) work in 1. Felix Bernstein demonstrated the correct blood group inheritance pattern of multiple alleles at one locus in 1. Three drops of blood are mixed with anti- B (left) and anti- A (right) serum. Agglutination on the right side indicates blood type A. Red circles show where there are differences in chemical structure in the antigen- binding site (sometimes called the antibody- combining site) of human immunoglobulin. Notice the O- type antigen does not have a binding site. The removal of A and B antigens still does not address the problem of the Rh blood group antigen on the blood cells of Rh positive individuals, and so blood from Rh negative donors must be used. Patient trials will be conducted before the method can be relied on in live situations. Another approach to the blood antigen problem is the manufacture of artificial blood, which could act as a substitute in emergencies. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene (the ABO gene) with three types of alleles inferred from classical genetics: i, IA, and IB. The I designation stands for isoagglutinogen, another term for antigen. The gene is located on the long arm of the ninth chromosome (9q. The IA allele gives type A, IB gives type B, and i gives type O. As both IA and IB are dominant over i, only ii people have type O blood. Individuals with IAIA or IAi have type A blood, and individuals with IBIB or IBi have type B. IAIB people have both phenotypes, because A and B express a special dominance relationship: codominance, which means that type A and B parents can have an AB child. A couple with type A and type B can also have a type O child if they are both heterozygous (IBi,IAi) The cis- AB phenotype has a single enzyme that creates both A and B antigens. The resulting red blood cells do not usually express A or B antigen at the same level that would be expected on common group A1 or B red blood cells, which can help solve the problem of an apparently genetically impossible blood group. The four possibilities represent the combinations obtained when one allele is taken from each parent; each has a 2. Blood group inheritance by phenotype only. Blood type. OABABOOO or AO or BA or BAO or AO or AO, A, B or ABA, B or ABBO or BO, A, B or ABO or BA, B or ABABA or BA, B or ABA, B or ABA, B or ABHistorically, ABO blood tests were used in paternity testing, but in 1. American men falsely accused were able to use them as evidence against paternity. A1 makes up about 8. A- type blood, with A2 making up almost all of the rest. Complications can sometimes arise in rare cases when typing the blood. There are six common alleles in white individuals of the ABO gene that produce one's blood type. People with weak alleles of A can sometimes express anti- A antibodies, though these are usually not clinically significant as they do not stably interact with the antigen at body temperature. There are also variations in blood type distribution within human subpopulations. In the UK, the distribution of blood type frequencies through the population still shows some correlation to the distribution of placenames and to the successive invasions and migrations including Norsemen, Danes, Saxons, Celts, and Normans who contributed the morphemes to the placenames and the genes to the population. A premature stop codon results from this frame- shift mutation. This variant is found worldwide, and likely predates human migration from Africa. The O0. 1 allele is considered to predate the O0. It is consistent with the accepted patterns of early population movements and varying prevalent blood types in different parts of the world: for instance, B is very common in populations of Asian descent, but rare in ones of Western European descent. Another theory states that there are four main lineages of the ABO gene and that mutations creating type O have occurred at least three times in humans. The continued presence of the O alleles is hypothesized to be the result of balancing selection. The antibodies created against these environmental antigens in the first years of life can cross- react with ABO- incompatible red blood cells that it comes in contact with during blood transfusion later in life. Anti- A antibodies are hypothesized to originate from immune response towards influenza virus, whose epitopes are similar enough to the . Anti- B antibodies are hypothesized to originate from antibodies produced against Gram- negative bacteria, such as E. Thus, individuals possessing rare types are better equipped to detect pathogens. The high within- population diversity observed in human populations would, then, be a consequence of natural selection on individuals. ABO antigens are found having similar roles on epithelial cells as well as red blood cells. In fact, having type O blood predisposes to bleeding. Higher levels of v. WF are more common amongst people who have had ischemic stroke (from blood clotting) for the first time. The mechanisms behind this association with cholera are unclear in the literature. However, in an O- type mother, Ig. G ABO antibodies are produced and the baby can potentially develop ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. Clinical applications. In most human carcinomas, including oral carcinoma, a significant event as part of the underlying mechanism is decreased expression of the A and B antigens. The study was based on a community cohort study (the Malmo Diet and Cancer study) and four additional randomized controlled trials of primary prevention cohorts (JUPITER and ASCOT) and secondary prevention cohorts (CARE and PROVE IT- TIMI 2. Scientific evidence in support of these concepts is nonexistent. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION. PMC 3. 96. 41. 93 . PMID 2. 46. 69. 36. Wright (1. 99. 3). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. 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Human Genetics. 9. PMID 8. 64. 16. 96. Blood Transfusion. PMC 2. 95. 74. 92 . PMID 2. 09. 67. 16. In Sawyer PH. English Medieval Settlement. Martin's Press. ISBN 0- 7. Human Genetics. 1. PMID 1. 86. 29. 53. Retrieved 2. 4 September 2. The Protein Journal. PMID 1. 55. 17. 98. M.; Allan, M. J.; Pomiankowski, A; Gustafsson, K (2. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. PMC 1. 69. 16. 87 . PMID 1. 52. 93. 86. PMID 1. 71. 18. 64. PMID 1. 57. 28. 12. Seminars in hematology. PMID 1. 50. 71. 78. Current Opinion in Hematology. PMID 1. 57. 25. 90. Br J Haematol. 1. PMID 1. 09. 29. 04. Transfus Med. 1. 1 (4): 3. PMID 1. 15. 32. 18. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. American Heart Association, Inc. PMID 1. 18. 34. 53. PMID 3. 49. 53. 04. PMID 7. 66. 06. 43. Br J Haematol. Blackwell Synergy. PMID 1. 57. 55. 28. PMID 1. 69. 90. 57. Bibcode: 2. 01. 0PLo. SO.. 5. 11. 97. 2X. M.; Kraft, P.; Gross, M.; Helzlsouer, K.; Bueno- De- Mesquita, H. B.; Steplowski, E.; Stolzenberg- Solomon, R. Z.; Arslan, A. A.; Jacobs, E. J.; Lacroix, A.; Petersen, G.; Zheng, W.; Albanes, D.; Allen, N. E.; Amundadottir, L.; Anderson, G.; Boutron- Ruault, M. E.; Canzian, F.; Chanock, S. J.; Clipp, S.; Gaziano, J. M.; Giovannucci, E. L.; Hallmans, G.; Hankinson, S. E.; Hoover, R. N.; Hunter, D. J.; Hutchinson, A.; Jacobs, K.; Kooperberg, C. Cancer Research. 7. PMC 2. 94. 37. 35 . PMID 2. 01. 03. 62. Z.; Fuchs, C. S.; Petersen, G. M.; Arslan, A. A.; Bueno- De- Mesquita, H. B.; Gross, M.; Helzlsouer, K.; Jacobs, E. J.; Lacroix, A.; Zheng, W.; Albanes, D.; Bamlet, W.; Berg, C. D.; Berrino, F.; Bingham, S.; Buring, J. E.; Bracci, P. M.; Canzian, F.; Clavel- Chapelon, F. O.; Clipp, S.; Cotterchio, M.; De Andrade, M.; Duell, E. J.; Fox Jr, J. W.; Gallinger, S.; Gaziano, J. M.; Giovannucci, E. L.; Goggins, M. Nature Genetics. PMC 2. 83. 98. 71 . PMID 1. 96. 48. 91. International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. PMC 2. 94. 69. 62 . PMID 2. 03. 09. 93. British Medical Journal. PMC 2. 01. 59. 95 . PMID 1. 30. 32. 50. Possible evolutionary significance. American Journal of Epidemiology. PMID 4. 01. 41. 72. Retrieved 2. 0 August 2. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. ISSN 0. 00. 9- 9. PMC 1. 81. 04. 67 . PMID 1. 72. 23. 96. British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.). ISSN 0. 26. 7- 0. PMC 1. 50. 02. 29 . PMID 6. 81. 26. 84. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. ISSN 0. 00. 6- 3. PMID 1. 05. 80. 14. Journal of Dental Research. ISSN 0. 02. 2- 0. PMID 1. 56. 15. 87. |
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